Nsude Pyramids village shrine, Abaja, Northern Igbo, 1930s

Nigeria’s ancient treasures go beyond what most people know. Among these wonders, the Nsude pyramids stand out for their unique shape and deep connection to the Igbo people. Located in the villages of Ngwo, Nsude, and Agbaja Ọwa, these circular pyramids have stories of artistic brilliance and a deep respect for the land.

Built to Last

Imagine towering structures made entirely from sun-baked clay! The Nsude pyramids start with a base 60 feet wide and rise 2-3 feet tall. Each level is crafted in a circle, gradually reaching a pointed peak. These weren’t just impressive displays; they served a dual purpose: honoring Ala, the Igbo earth goddess, and marking land boundaries. Interestingly, the pyramids stand in two rows of five each, symbolizing Ala’s blessings, like twins born together.

The Nsude pyramids showcase the incredible skills of Igbo builders. Just like other great African civilizations, they saw these structures as vital for social harmony and a strong community. Igbo beliefs are rich with spiritual concepts and metaphors, acknowledging a single creator, Chukwu, alongside other deities who act as intermediaries.

More Than Just Markers

The Nsude pyramids were more than just land markers. According to Igbo tradition, they served as guardians against evil. Gods or goddesses were believed to reside within the peaks, watching out for wrongdoing. Those who dared to break the rules faced the wrath of these deities, symbolized by small sticks placed near the top – a powerful reminder of the consequences. Additionally, the pyramids served as sacred platforms for rituals and ceremonies, with each level offering dedicated space for various practices.

Eyewitness Accounts

British anthropologist G.T. Basden documented the pyramids in his 1912 book, “Among the Ibos of Nigeria”. His detailed descriptions provide valuable insights into their construction and significance. Further enriching our understanding are the photographs captured by G.I. Jones in the 1930s. These images offer a captivating window into the past, showcasing the pyramids’ unique design and cultural importance.

Unlike their Egyptian counterparts, the exact age of the Nsude pyramids remains a puzzle. Scientific methods for dating haven’t been extensively used on these structures. Theories about their age range from a few hundred years to several millennia. This lack of a confirmed date makes it challenging to pinpoint their place in history.

Saving a Legacy

Sadly, the Nsude pyramids face threats from erosion and neglect. Modern development and a lack of awareness about their importance add to the danger. However, there’s hope! Local communities, archaeologists, and historians are working together to document the pyramids and raise awareness. Discussions about potential restoration projects are also underway.

The Nsude pyramids offer a fascinating window into Igbo cosmology, their beliefs about the universe’s origin and structure. These structures served as a physical representation of the Igbo people’s deep connection to the earth and their reverence for nature. The concept of Ala, the earth goddess, is central to Igbo beliefs, and the pyramids served as a way to honor this powerful deity.

Beyond Borders

While unique in design and cultural context, the Nsude pyramids share some interesting similarities with pyramid structures found elsewhere. From the great pyramids of Giza to the Mesoamerican pyramids of Teotihuacan, these structures often served as religious and symbolic centers. Studying these pyramids together can offer valuable insights into the development of complex societies and their shared belief systems. However, it’s important to avoid oversimplification. Built with sun-baked clay and featuring a circular stepped design, the Nsude pyramids stand in stark contrast to the massive stone pyramids of Egypt. This difference highlights the ingenuity and resourcefulness of the Igbo people, who adapted pyramid construction to their specific materials and cultural context.

The Nsude pyramids are a captivating chapter in Nigeria’s history. Their unique design and cultural significance demand our attention and efforts to preserve them. The ongoing work to document, raise awareness, and potentially restore these structures is crucial. Here’s how you can be part of it:

• Spread the Word: Share information about the Nsude pyramids on social media and with your network.
• Support Preservation Efforts: Research and support organizations working to preserve the pyramids.
• Travel Responsibly: If you have the opportunity to visit the Nsude pyramids, do so responsibly and respectfully.

We hope this post has piqued your interest in the Nsude pyramids and the rich cultural heritage of the Igbo people. Share your thoughts and questions in the comments below. Let’s keep the conversation going and spread awareness about these remarkable structures!

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References:

• Basden, G. T. (1912). Among the Ibos of Nigeria.
  Among the Ibos of Nigeria: 1912 1st Edition by G.T. Basden

  Title: Among the Ibos of Nigeria: 1912

  Author: G.T. Basden

  Publisher: Routledge

  Publication Date: February 18, 1966

  Format: Hardcover

  Pages: 508

  ISBN-10: 0714616338

  ISBN-13: 978-0714616339

  Language: English

  Overview

  “Among the Ibos of Nigeria: 1912” by G.T. Basden offers a comprehensive description of the life, customs, and beliefs of the Igbo people of Nigeria. Written by a missionary who spent thirty-five years living among the Igbo, this book provides an intimate and detailed account of their society.

  About the Author

  George Thomas Basden (1873-1944) was an Anglican missionary and ethnographer who served as Archdeacon of the Niger from 1926 to 1936. Educated at the CMS College, Islington, and Durham University, Basden was ordained in 1901 and spent significant time in Onitsha and Awka, Nigeria. His extensive work with the Igbo people earned him a reputation as an expert on their culture and traditions.

  Content Summary

  Cultural Context: The book explores the diverse aspects of Igbo life, including their social structures, religious practices, and daily activities. Basden provides insights into the animistic beliefs and rituals that are central to Igbo culture.

  Historical and Anthropological Insights: Basden’s work is not just a record of customs but also an anthropological study that traces the historical development of the Igbo people. His observations offer valuable perspectives on how their traditions have evolved over time.

  Detailed Descriptions and Illustrations: The book includes 70 illustrations and a sketch map, which help to visualize the rich cultural heritage of the Igbo. These visuals complement Basden’s detailed descriptions, making the book both informative and engaging.

  Strengths

  • Rich Illustrations: The inclusion of numerous illustrations and a sketch map enhances the reader’s understanding of Igbo culture.
  • Comprehensive Analysis: Basden’s extensive experience and close relationship with the Igbo people provide a thorough and nuanced analysis of their customs and beliefs.
  • Historical Value: As a primary source written by a contemporary observer, the book offers invaluable historical insights into early 20th-century Igbo society.

  Weaknesses

  • Colonial Perspective: Some of Basden’s interpretations and descriptions reflect the colonial mindset of his time, which may not align with contemporary views on cultural representation.
  • Dated Information: Given that the book was first published in 1966, some information may be outdated and not reflective of current Igbo society.

  Conclusion

  “Among the Ibos of Nigeria: 1912” by G.T. Basden is an essential resource for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Igbo people. Its detailed descriptions and rich illustrations make it a valuable addition to the field of African studies. Despite its age, the book remains relevant for understanding the complexities of Igbo traditions and their historical context.

  Personal Reflection

  Reading this book provided a profound understanding of the Igbo people’s way of life during the early 20th century. However, it is crucial to approach Basden’s work with an awareness of its colonial perspective. Some of his interpretations and descriptions are influenced by the colonial mindset of his time, which can affect the portrayal of Igbo culture. Despite this, Basden’s firsthand observations and detailed accounts offer a unique perspective that is both educational and engaging. Compared to other ethnographic works, Basden’s book stands out for its depth of detail and the author’s intimate connection with the Igbo community.

  ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ (4/5) - A comprehensive and insightful read that offers a unique perspective on Igbo culture, though its age and colonial perspective may require readers to consider the historical context of its observations.

  

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• Murray, K. (1935). The Nigerian Field, journal of the Nigerian Field Society. (https://nigerianfield.org/)
• Wikipedia. (2023). Nsude pyramid shrines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsude_pyramid_shrines